Kidney stones are firm deposits of concentrated minerals and salt that develop in your kidneys. They vary in size and you can develop several at once or just one at a time.
Smaller stones pass with the simple ingestion of plenty of water and some pain medication. Kidney stones that are larger than the urethra are quite painful to pass and can cause urinary tract infections and other complications.
Kidney stones come in different forms. Calcium stones are the most common type and are the result of certain dietary imbalances and some antidepressants. If you have an existing kidney condition, taking high doses of vitamin D and your surgical history can contribute to calcium stone development.
Uric acid stones are caused by gout, under- or overhydration, or eating too much protein. Other types of stones like struvite or cystine stones can be caused by kidney infections and other disorders.